What Is a Limited Partnership?

A Limited Partnership is a business entity that consists of one or more General Partners and one or more Limited Partners. A General Partner may be an individual or an entity, such as a corporation, that is responsible for daily management of the company. A limited partner on the other hand is not involved in business operations and has no obligations to manage or make business decisions.

In order to form a limited partnership, you must file a Certificate of Limited Partnership with the Delaware Division of Corporations. This is a very simple form that states the name of the General Partner.

Typically, the General Partners are liable for any and all of the company's financial obligations, while the Limited Partners possess no liability for the company's debts, obligations or actions.

General Partners usually possess all the rights and responsibilities of managing the business entity, including all of its activities and financial matters. They also hold general liability for the debts, obligations and activities of the Limited Partnership.

On the other hand, the Limited Partners, also called Silent Partners, do not participate in the management of the business entity and/or its properties in any way. In fact, engaging in management activity will nullify the limitation against personal liability that a Limited Partner enjoys.

Typical uses for Limited Partnerships:

Like the LLC, the limited partnership is a creature of contract, meaning that it is flexible and subject to few requirements or terms fixed by Delaware law. However, it is used less frequently since the adoption of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act.

Limited Partnerships are typically utilized for two main purposes:

1. To develop commercial real estate projects where the General Partner(s) is the organizer and manager of the construction and maintenance of the project, and the Limited Partner(s) is the investor who puts up the money for the project and then gets a return from the completed project's income stream. A Limited Partner(s) is a passive investor in this scenario. Shopping malls and apartment complexes are just a few of the typical projects that might be built and managed utilizing a Limited Partnership.
2. To be used as an estate planning vehicle where the General Partner(s) is the parent who holds real estate (usually commercial real estate) and the Limited Partners are the heirs of the General Partner. This type of Limited Partnership is sometimes referred to as a "Family Limited Partnership." Typically, this is used when the asset in the Limited Partnership has an income stream and the parties do not want it to be sold upon the death of the General Partner.

In both cases, if the Limited Partners comply with all laws and IRS Regulations concerning Limited Partnerships, the most they can each lose is the amount he/she invests in the partnership or the amount he/she is given in the Limited Partnership.

No court can reach into the assets of a Limited Partner in order to satisfy debts or obligations of the Limited Partnership as a business entity.

However, if a Limited Partner begins to participate in the management of the company, he/she risks personal liability, thereby reaching the same legal exposure as the General Partner(s). 

Why Form a Limited Partnership?

Limited Partnerships are typically formed by individuals or corporations who want to maintain 100% of the control of an asset or project while including investors or heirs on the income from the Limited Partnership.

Limited Partnerships do not have stock or stockholders. Each Limited Partner has a specifically stated percentage of interest in the income from the entity.

Limited Partners do not receive dividends but are entitled to their share of the income. Generally, Limited Partnerships pass-through entities, meaning that after the general partner and limited partners receive their income, they typically are taxed on it a single time. Some other business entities experience double taxation, being taxed at the corporate level and the at the personal income level.

Delaware Limited Partnerships may have any number of limited partners. 

Advantages of a Limited Partnership

• Personal asset protection for Limited Partners.
• Pass-through taxation treatment by the IRS.
• General Partner holds 100% control of the entity and its assets.
• Investment potential for passive investors includes long-term rents.
• Heirs can receive payments without receiving assets, thus minimizing estate tax consequences while preserving the income stream.

For even more detailed information on forming a Limited Partnership, check out Harvard Business Services Inc.’s  limited partnership formation packages, then form an LP with our easy-to-use order form. You can also click on the button below to get started.